Scubaism

Doctors recommend a good dose of salmon or tuna in the diet because of its benefits to the heart. But is it good for the environment? Conservationists point out that while global fish stocks were getting hammered long before sushi became chic, health trends could add pressure to already vulnerable fisheries.

“The FAO (U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization) estimates that by 2030 average annual per capita global consumption of fish will increase by 1.5 kgs (3.4 pounds) and some of it will be driven by health-related demand,” said Jason Clay, vice president of markets at the World Wildlife Fund (WWF).

When it comes to omega-3 fatty acids, not all fish are equal. Fatty fish such as trout, salmon, mackerel and Alaska pollock are rich in this crucial group of nutrients. Tuna are, too, but few wild tuna fisheries are regarded by conservationists as sustainable.

“It depends on your source … Omega-3s are very high in wild salmon and the Alaskan salmon fishery is well-managed,” said Phil Kline, an ocean campaigner with Greenpeace.

Alaska salmon are among the fisheries that have been certified as sustainable by the British-based Marine Stewardship Council. It uses stringent criteria for a fishery to get its seal of approval and the right to bear its eco-label.

It has not yet given its blessing to any tuna fishery but is assessing the sustainability of the U.S. Pacific coast albacore tuna industry.

Demand for salmon has certainly been soaring. The species also went from being America’s sixth most popular fish to eat to its third over the same period of time. In a well-managed situation, such demand can lead to conservation: it’s in no one’s interest to deplete something of value.

“In the long run, the more valuable wild salmon are the better they are likely to be protected,” said Gunnar Knapp, a professor of economics at the University of Alaska’s Institute of Social and Economic Research.

He said high demand and prices gave people an incentive to protect vital salmon habitat such as spawning grounds in rivers from other industries such as logging and mining.

“In Alaska, even if the price of salmon were to quadruple it would not lead to too many fish being caught because the limiting factor is not the price but how much the managers allow the fishermen to catch, and they make that assessment purely on biological grounds,” Knapp said.

But he said Russia’s salmon fishery, for example, was not so well managed and could suffer overfishing as prices rise.

For conservationists, the question is whether the latest health trend will result in salmon and other species going the same way as eastern Canada’s cod fishery, once one of the world’s richest which utterly collapsed last decade.